How Literature Affects a Surgeon - 617 Words

Have you ever thought, I want to be a surgeon! Well if you have better start paying more attention in English class because the study of literature is one of the most important things in your career. The study of literature is a vital part of a surgeons career, because it teaches and enhance ones character. A surgeon is a doctor who is specialized in performing operations on the human body to fix a problem the body is facing. This requires a great deal of care and precision. What a surgeon also requires is a lot of character, which only come from studying literature thought your life. To and when you operate on another human, you must be honest, caring and also responsible. These character traits you learn from literature will make you one of the best surgeons around. Being honest is one of the, if not the most important character traits a surgeon should possesses. And, the only way to learn honesty, is from literature. Honesty inspires trust. (Packer 3). When patients, and coworkers , trust you they will be more relaxed, making your job easier. Honesty also lead to achievement in your surgical career. Honesty, if we live by the rule of honesty...we can go down the road of achievement. (Tipton 2). Honesty will only help you. Once you are honest your life and career will be easier. Another example where honesty is the only option is in literature. The Boy Who Cried Wolf is a prime example of how lying gets you nowhere and once you lie to someone they will neverShow MoreRelatedEssay on Women Discrimination in The Medicine Field1235 Words   |  5 Pagesmost fundamental structure of medicine. Cutting people open to find the harm and relieving them of it. But as the field of surgery progress over time; the surgical environment has developed a gender sphere that makes it difficult for women to become surgeons. The glass ceiling is a political metaphor that exists to explain the gender disadvantages within disciplined jobs (The Glass Ceiling Effect*). Women today, re gardless of their qualifications face an obstacle that â€Å"appear[s] to be a distinctivelyRead MoreAnalysis Of The First Nose Job 973 Words   |  4 PagesThe first â€Å"nose job† was performed around 2,600 years ago in India. It was performed by a man named Sushruta. Sushruta was a surgeon from India who wrote the first treatise (a piece of writing that deals properly and methodically with a topic), on the basic principles of surgery. This treatise has been translated and passed all over the world leading to many new discoveries in the surgical world. Many of these discoveries from the treatise deal with plastic surgery, mainly nasal reconstructionsRead MoreNew Era of Cyberpunk Literature Essay540 Words   |  3 Pages These are the criteria of cyberpunk literature, in which William Gibsons Johnny Mnemonic is a good example of cyberpunk literature. The novel reflects on how the human mind has been incorporated into the advanced technological world. This relates t o cyberpunk literature because it follows the same ideas, but to a greater extent. Elmer Dewitts Cyberpunk and Sterlings Preface to Mirrorshades both give an excellent criteria to cyberpunk literature in both aspects of culture and mind. Read MoreHerbal Medicine : Medicine And Medicine1699 Words   |  7 Pagespopular because of the results people are getting but are the results reliable and trusted. This review will look into the different literature studying the different therapies to try to come to a conclusion on whether these therapies are to be used in practice or to be left to the human side of medicine. This review will also look into how the therapies works and how it fits into practice life. Herbal medicine Herbal medicine has been used for decades and in many cultures, the use of plants hasRead MoreQuestions On The Ethical Tension1415 Words   |  6 Pagespain, where she further required a laparotomy. She went to sleep while the anaesthesiologist was there and woke up thinking the surgery was complete. She then heard the surgeon say â€Å"scalpel please† and she knew it was not over. She began to panic and heard the people in the room notice her heart rate going up. She also heard the surgeon order that the anaesthesiologist come back. When he did, he pushed more medication through the IV but nothing happened. She remained awake through the entire procedureRead MoreCareer Choice Of A Medical Worker1487 Words   |  6 Pagessmile on someone’s face is a reward in itself, and giving to others is something I plan on continuing in my future, and hopefully career. I’ve always had an interest in anesthetics and how they work. An anesthesiologist, in my eyes, is someone who relieves the pain and puts a smile on someone’s face. While a surgeon may fix the problem, an anesthesiologist makes it better; something I would like to contribute to others in the mere future. Project Expectations I believe this career involves the useRead MoreSurgeons Discover New Ligament Of Human Knee1683 Words   |  7 Pagespopular article in two or three sentences. I chose to summarize Case #1. â€Å"Surgeons Discover New Ligament in Human Knee.† In this article, FoxNews.com reports Dr. Steven Claes and Dr. Johan Bellemans, knee surgeons from the University Hospitals Leuven in Belgium, have been conducting revolutionary human knee anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tear research by dissecting cadaver knees for the last four years. The two knee surgeons were trying to find out the reason patients, who had undergone ACL repairRead MoreMedication Can Help Reduce Childhood Obesity Essay841 Words   |  4 Pagesgrowing problem of childhood obesity in the United States. While most agree that the issue deserves attention, consensus dissolves around how to respond to the problem. One literature review examines one approach to treating childhood obesity: medication can hopefully we can slow down the epidemic. In March 2004, U.S. Surgeon General Richard Carmona called attention to a health problem in the United States that, until recently, has been overlooked: childhood obesityRead MoreRobotic Prostatectomy For Localised Prostate Cancer : An Overview For The Non Specialist1730 Words   |  7 Pagesoperating preference by surgeons, and high demand from patients have all led the the rapid adaptation of RALP without the same degree of evidence, in terms of high quality randomised controlled trials, as would be expected from other medical interventions. This report will outline the development of robot assisted radical prostatectomy for the surgical management of localised prostate cancer and how it’s outcomes can be compared with other surgical approaches. Method A literature search was performedRead MoreLiterature : A Road For Victory1156 Words   |  5 PagesLiterature: A Road to Victory â€Å"The best way to think about reality, I had decided, was to get as far away from it as pos-sible†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Murakami). What better way to escape than to read that favorite book of yours. Don’t have a favorite book? Well, let me introduce you to the wonderful world of literature. Like many others out there today, one may think reading is boring. I’d like to think that is only because they have not found that one book that catches their attention. It is sort of like those who

A Brief Note On Forensic Psychology And The Criminal...

Newton’s Third Law states that for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction. For every crime, there is an equal punishment. The criminal justice system can be broken down into various different parts, all of which composed of people doing different jobs. While many people only know of common roles, there are many smaller jobs that are no less important. One critical job linked to the criminal justice system is that of a forensic psychologist. Forensic psychology requires a background in psychology, but works primarily in the court system. Most of the time, a forensic psychologist applies their expertise in psychology to a case, whether it is by assessing a defendant’s mental competency or determining how a pre-existing condition influenced a crime. Forensic psychology requires certain steps to be taken. It is essential that one is properly informed and able to meet all of the qualifications, as well as fully understanding the responsibilities a forensic psy chologist has. Becoming a forensic psychologist requires years of higher education and a unique set of skills, but offers a wide variety of fascinating work environments and duties. Education is the difference between achieving success as a forensic psychologist and being forced to find another career. Overall, a person planning to work as a forensic psychologist should focus on psychology, criminology, or forensics (â€Å"Forensic Psychology Careers†). The basic overview of training obligations begins with â€Å"aShow MoreRelatedImportance of Forensic Psychology in Legal Proceedings3330 Words   |  9 Pagesï » ¿What and why is Forensic Psychology Important in Legal Proceedings? Beth Velez Southern New Hampshire University Justice 101-Introduction to Criminal Justice Forensic psychology is an important part of the legal system, dating back to 1921. I plan to show in my paper just how forensic psychologists conduct their assessments, the implications on what the assessment and testing shows, and how it can benefit not only the defendant, but society as well. Forensic psychologist can show if a person isRead More Psychopathy and Anti-Social Personality Disorder (ASPD) Essays3641 Words   |  15 Pagescommit bizarre, violent and senseless deeds, and then show no remorse for the pain they have caused (Levenson, 1992). A Canadian Psychologist Robert D. Hare and his colleagues developed the Revised Psychopathy Checklist (PCL-R) in the 1970’s with criminal offenses as its baselines (Cutler, 2008). The PCL-R reiterates the notion that every individual may possess some trait to some extent, but will need to express enough traits to be considered psychopathic (Ogloff, 2006). Thus, although there may beRead MoreThe Rorschach Ink Blot Method2122 Words   |  9 Pagesa valued personality test in the field of clinical psychology, described in The Oxford Handbook of Personality Assessment as capable of measuring an â€Å"individual’s adaptive capacities, coping style, underlying attitudes and concerns, and dispositions to think, feel, and act in certain ways.† (p. 278, Weiner Meyer, 2009) The level of reliability and validity that the test can be empirically confirmed having is invaluable to the field of psychology, because the performance-based personality test canRead MoreAnger Mana gement 62315 Words   |  10 PagesEssay: 3. could anger management be used to deal with most violent criminals? Discuss Anger management commonly refers to a system of therapeutic psychological techniques and exercises by which someone with excessive or uncontrollable anger can reduce or control the triggers, degrees, and effects of an emotional angered state. The term violent crime is interoperated as a crime in which an offender uses violent force or threatens the victim. This entails both crimes in which the violent act of theRead MoreContemporary Applications of Schools in Psychology8487 Words   |  34 Pagesï » ¿INTRODUCTION Psychology evolved out of both philosophy and biology. Throughout psychologys history, a number of different  schools of thought  have formed to explain human thought and behavior. These schools of thought often rise to dominance for a period of time. While these schools of thought are sometimes perceived as competing forces, each  perspective  has contributed to our understanding of psychology. Some of the major schools of thought in psychology are Structuralism, Functionalism, GestaltRead MorePerformance of the Criminology Graduates in Relation to Board Examination : Itss Relation to Enhancement Program9492 Words   |  38 Pageson determining and analyzing criminal patterns. According to Agas (2008), criminology focused on the study of crime, the causes of crime, the meaning of crime in terms of law, and community reaction to crime. It also deals with the scientific study of criminals and criminal behavior. Criminologists attempt to build theories that explain why crimes occur and test those theories by observing behavior. This course focuses on such topics as criminal jurisprudence, criminal sociology, crime detection andRead MoreSolution Manual, Test Bank and Instructor Manuals34836 Words   |  140 PagesNeedles, Marian Powers (SM+TB) A Guide to Modern Econometrics, 4th Edition_Marno Verbeek (SM) A History of Modern Psychology, 10th Edition _ Duane P. Schultz, Sydney Ellen Schultz ( IM+TB) A Microscale Approach to Organic Laboratory Techniques, 5th Edition _Donald L. Pavia, George S. Kriz, Gary M. Lampman, Randall G. Engel (IM) A People and a Nation A History of the United States, Brief Edition, Volume I, 9th Edition_Mary Beth Norton, Carol Sheriff, David W. Blight, Howard P. Chudacoff, A PeopleRead MoreSafeguarding Adults: Enabling Adults in Vulnerable Circumstances.6310 Words   |  26 Pagessafeguarding in the present day. Theorists have long sought to define human development and consider the effects that it can have on our lives. Our knowledge of how we develop as we do draws broadly speaking, on three disciplines: Biology, sociology and psychology (Wilson etal 2008). Erikson (1950) developed a model of Human Development titled the Eight Stages of Man. This Psychosocial approach saw individual identity being developed as they move through points in their lives as they age (Crawford and WalkerRead MoreEbooks Solution Manuals and Test Banks for Text Books19223 Words   |  77 PagesUnited States, Brief Edition, Volume I, 9th Edition by Norton, Sheriff Instructor’s Manual A People and a Nation A History of the United States, Brief Edition, Volume I, 9th Edition by Norton, Sheriff Test Bank A Transition to Advanced Mathematics by Douglas Maurice Eggen 5 Solution Manual ABC’s of Relationship Selling through Service by Charles M. Futrell 11 Instructor’s Manual ABC’s of Relationship Selling through Service by Charles M. Futrell 11 Test Bank Abnormal Psychology by Susan NolenHoeksemaRead MoreIni. Narcotics And Opiates.The Definition Of The Term Narcotics7784 Words   |  32 Pagescountry more than $600 billion a year, according to the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA). NIDA also asserts that â€Å"Every dollar invested in addiction treatment programs yields a return of between $4 and $7 in reduced drug-related crime, criminal justice costs, and theft. When savings related to healthcare are included, total savings can exceed costs by a ratio of 12 to 1.†[endnoteRef:155] [155: National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) (2016).] Unfortunately, we are coming to a stage in the

Holmes Free Essays

Herman Webster Midget was the first American serial killer the terrorized Chicago in the late sass’s, yet he was a slave to his own mind and his own disorders. Herman, who Is also famous as H. H. We will write a custom essay sample on Holmes or any similar topic only for you Order Now Holmes had two personality disorders that drove him to commit the actions that he committed. Evidence shows that Holmes had personality disorders Like narcissistic personality disorder and antisocial personality disorder. H. H Holmes shows signs of antisocial personality disorder in many ways. To begin with, Midget started at an early age torturing animals (CNN). He used to be afraid of actors but one day he had an experience with a skeleton and after that he was changed forever. Also in his famous castle there was remains of bodies in the basement with pure evidence of torture. It is evident that Dry. Holmes tortured these young women with no evidence of any remorse. (How Stuff Works). Dry. Holmes himself that he was slowly and slowly turning into the devil since he didn’t feel any remorse or anything of such towards his victims (H. H. Holmes; Master of Illusion, chapter 17). The treatment for antisocial personality disorder Is very tricky but usually most actors use operant conditioning-rewarding the good actions and punishing the Illegal ones-(Notational Library of Medicine). Of course such treatment was not present In the time of Dry. Holmes so he had no way of getting help. Another personality disorder Dry. Holmes had was narcissistic personality disorder. Narcissistic personality disorder is when a person has an inflated self image and inflated goals that he will stop at nothing to achieve them. This was the case with Midget, as a matter of fact, Herman killed his con-partner in order to perfect a con on an insurance company to get some extra money. H. H. Holmes; Master of Illusion, chapter 3). Having shown that he doesn’t really care about his friend or anyone he supposedly had an emotional attachment with, he proved that he has narcissistic personality disorder. This might be caused by his father’s beating to him and his abuse. The only way to truly treat that Is through talk therapy so he can try to form deeper connections with people he should be familiar Walt(Notational Library of Medicine). Again, this kind of treatment wasn’t available in the time of Dry. H. H. Holmes so he had no opportunity to seek help. Some people might argue that Dry. Midget had a form of fetishism paraphernalia since he picked out his victims to be young blonde women. Thyrotrophic, or attraction you hair could have been the reason for his choice of victims (Right Diagnosis). The treatments of this include psychoanalysis, hypnosis, behavior therapy, cognitive therapy, drug therapy(Relight Diagnosis). It’s very unclear whether he had this disorder or not. All In all Dry. H H Holmes had a lot of personality disorders that led him to become the monster he was. How to cite Holmes, Papers

Glasbrook vs Glamorgan County Council

Question: Discuss about the Glasbrook vs Glamorgan County Council. Answer: Introduction: The issue of the liability of the La Trobe University to pay to the police officials in the present situation has arisen. The powers of the police consist of the prevention, detection and also the investigation of the crime. Also, the protection of the persons is one of the most important roles that the police officials play. [1] The police officials are under no duty to protect the civilians beyond the reasonable circumstances. Therefore for any additional services they have to be paid extra incentives. The three essential elements of a contract being offer and acceptance, intention to be bound and consideration have to be fulfilled in order to form a contract. Consideration refers to something that holds a value. If a promise has been made and when a person under that promise is bound to perform a particular obligation then that is not a good consideration as held in Collins vs. Godfrey,[2].[3] However, if a promise has been made to fulfill a particular obligation and then the person who is under the obligation performs more than what he is supposed to do under the terms of the general law then this is a good consideration as held by the Lords in Glasbrook Brothers Limited V. Glamorgan County Council,.[4] In the present case the police officers had to pay some extra services for which they could charge additional payment as it held a good consideration.[5] The contractual obligations cannot be performed without consent of the parties. In the case Charcknock vs. Liverpool Corporation,[6], it was held that an implied consent given by a person tan-mounts to his acceptance to the performance of the contract.[7] In the present case also the implied consent[8] as given by the University as the authorities had expressly mentioned that extra payment would have to be paid in case extra services would be granted. In a landmark case, Glasbrook Brothers Limited V. Glamorgan County Council,[9]it was established that the duty of the police officials to render peace and provide protection to the people has certain limits. If the police officers have performed or rendered some additional special services in lieu of their pre-existing duty then the additional payment would have to be paid to them.[10] This case has the same facts as the situation given in the present case; therefore the police officers would be paid as they gave special services at the ball on the request of the University. This case was cited in various other cases having similar facts and situations. In a case, Harris V Sheffield United Football Club Ltd,[11] , it was held that the provision of the police officers to be present on the grounds during the football season constituted as special police services and therefore they would be entitled to extra payment. [12] Therefore, in the present case, also Seargent Ratty had expressly mentioned that the police would charge for the extra services at the ball. The Vice Chancellor could at that time refuse to contract and apply for the additional services. However, he gave an implied consent to the services which have been given by the police officers. The police officials are under no obligation to provide protection or additional services to the people against their basic public duty. They cannot be held responsible for not providing the same. Therefore, the La Trobe University would have to pay the police officials the amount they claimed. A Legally binding contract has not been formed The issue in the present case involves the question whether a binding and a valid contract has come into existence or not. A contract is an agreement that is enforceable by law and it is legally binding on the parties. There are various essential elements of a contract. As stated by various authors and jurists such as William Anson[13] and Salmond[14] who believed that a contract is a kind of an agreement that is entered into by two parties where the rights are acquired by one of the parties and the forbearance is caused to the other party. Three essential elements of a contract are- Offer and acceptance Intention to be bound in case of any acceptance Consideration The first element is that, there must be an offer and acceptance. A contract is formed only when an offer is made by one party and then accepted by the other. However there must be definiteness in the offer. It means that the offeror should have an intention or the willingness to form a contract. An offer does not have to be made to a specific person.[15] It can be made to anyone. In the case, Harvey vs. Facey,[16] it was held that if an offer is made then the intention to be bound must be shown by the offeror. If there is no intention to be bound this does not tan amount to an offer. In the present case there was no intention to be bound and therefore there was no offer made.[17] Also, as per the postal rule[18], which applies to the present case as the communication is being undertaken through post, the acceptance has to be made in accordance with placing reliance on the offer made. This rule under Australian law that the acceptance has to be made in lieu of the reliance on the off er made was held in the case R v Clarke, [19] A contract comes into existence only when there is a mutual consent of the parties entering into it. Both the parties must hold an intention to enter into a contract. As per the decision of the House of Lords in the case, Brogden v. Metropolitan Railway,[20] it was proved that there must be a consensus between the two parties to form a contract. This intention could be discovered between the parties through the letters etc.[21] In the present case, there was no consensus between the parties as no offer was made. Consensus ad idem refers to the meeting of the minds. There must be a common understanding between the parties. Consideration refers to the price that is paid by one party to another in lieu of the promise made.[22] The price should be something that holds a value. It does not necessarily have to be paid monetarily. This is one of the most important elements of a contract. There was no presence of consideration in the present case and therefore this essential element could not be fulfilled. Thus the absence of all the essential elements of a contract proves the fact there no contract had come into existence. In the present case, the telegram that was sent by Mr. Welwisha could not be stated as an offer as it was a mere communication on his part and therefore it was just a piece of information. No intention to be bound could be shown from the facts of the present case. Also, there was no presence of acceptance by placing reliance on the offer made. As the acceptance that was made by Dowell was against the piece of information that was sent to him, therefore in lieu of the postal rule it could not be accepted as acceptance. Hence, no consensus ad idem was made. Also the third most essential element that is consideration is absent in the present case. References Australian contract law, Glasbrook v Glamorgan County Council [1925] AC 270 (2010), https://www.australiancontractlaw.com/cases/glasbrook.html . E-lawresources, Collins v Godefrey (1831) 1 B Ad 950 King's Bench Division (2016), https://www.e-lawresources.co.uk/Collins-v-Godefrey.php. e-lawresources, Contractual agreement - offer and acceptance(2016), https://www.e-lawresources.co.uk/Offer-and-acceptance.php. Glasbrook Brothers Limited V. Glamorgan County Council, [1925] AC 270 Hugh Collins, The Law of Contract(Cambridge University Press,2003)130 J Beatson, Ansons Law of Contract(2003) 7(2) Journal of South Pacific Law Jonathan Reuvid and Jim Sherlock, International Trade: An Essential Guide to the Principles and Practice of Export(Kogan Page Publishers,2011)118 Laws of business, What is a Contract (2013), https://www.lawsofbusiness.com/2013/04/what-is-contract.html. MHCC Mental Health Rights Manual, Chapter 6 Section B: Role and powers of the police (2015), https://mhrm.mhcc.org.au/chapter-6/6b.aspx. Networked Knowledge, Consideration - in Acceptance of Contract (2017), https://netk.net.au/Contract/04Consideration.asp. Networked Knowledge, Contract Law Lecture - Formation of Contract - Offer and Acceptance (2016), https://netk.net.au/Contract/02Formation.asp. Swarb, Brogden V Metropolitan Railway Co: Hl 1877 (29 August 2016), https://swarb.co.uk/brogden-v-metropolitan-railway-co-hl-1877/ . Swarb, Charnock V. Liverpool Corporation And Kirbys (Commercial) Ltd: Ca 1968(2 August 2016), https://swarb.co.uk/charnock-v-liverpool-corporation-and-kirbys-commercial-ltd-ca-1968/. Swarb, Harris V Sheffield United Football Club Ltd: Ca 1988 (2017), https://swarb.co.uk/harris-v-sheffield-united-football-club-ltd-CA-1988/. Collins vs. Godfrey (1831) 1 B Ad 950 Glasbrook Brothers Limited V. Glamorgan County Council, [1925] AC 270 Charcknock vs. Liverpool Corporation [1968] 1 WLR 1498 Harris V Sheffield United Football Club Ltd [1988] QB 77 Harvey vs. Facey [1893] UKPC 1 Adams v. Lindsell (1818) 106 ER 250 R v. Clarke [1927] HCA 47 Brogden v. Metropolitan Railway (1877) 2 App. Cas. 666 Principles and Practice of Export(Kogan Page Publishers,2011)118

The Psychiatric Disorders and Their Treatment

Introduction Daily, several individuals are found to be afflicted by some form of psychiatric disorder, for example, schizophrenia and anxiety disorder (Pakhare, 2007). Furthermore, in relation to the nature-nurture issue, the psychiatric disorders are passed on from parents, developed due to environmental factors, or are a blend of both factors. Lastly, every psychiatric disorder category has dissimilar management methods, which assist in establishing suitable means of treatment.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Psychiatric Disorders and Their Treatment specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Schizophrenia Schizophrenia, an ailment of the brain, is one of the severe and chronic disorders that have affected humankind for a long time. Nevertheless, since it has been poorly understood throughout history, its victims have been undeservingly put to shame. The condition is not a split personality, but it is an infrequent and unusual brain disorder. Similar to cancer or diabetes, the disease has a biological basis. Schizophrenia is a common ailment, with about 2.5 million patients in the United Sates alone. Whereas there is no known cure for the disorder, it is possible to treat the condition. A number of its victims act in response to drug therapy and most of them are capable of leading satisfying lives. A number of factors are attributed to cause Schizophrenia. The first factor is genes and the environment. Experts have long known that this medical condition runs in most families. The disease is present in an estimated one percent of the whole population. It has been found in about ten percent of individuals who have first-degree relative (a parent, brother, or sister) with the illness. Individuals who have second-degree relatives such as aunts, uncles or grandparents diagnosed with the illness are also more susceptible to get the disease. The chance is highest for an identical twin of an individua l with the disorder. The identical twin has up to forty to sixty-five percent chance of developing the illness in the course of his or life (Tsuang, Faraone, and Johnson, 1997). Medical experts think that a number of genes are related with an increased chance of developing the disorder, but that no single gene is able to cause it entirely by its own. In fact, latest scientific investigation has discovered that victims are likely to develop increased rates of unusual genetic mutations. These genetic variations entail several different genes, which perhaps interrupts normal brain development. Other recent research propose that the disease may develop in part when a particular gene that is crucial in formulating essential brain chemicals fails to function. This malfunctioning may impinge on the part of the brain that is engaged in developing higher functioning skills.Advertising Looking for essay on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Studies into this gene have not been completed yet; therefore, it is still difficult to use the genetic information to foretell persons who are likely to develop schizophrenia. Nevertheless, researchers have not understood fully the genetic differences that contribute to this disorder. Those that are understood increase the risk only by a small level. Moreover, it possibly involves more than genes to cause the disease. Medical experts believe that interactions between genes and the environment are factors that can lead to the disorder. The condition causes the lateral ventricles of the brain to be enlarged, impairs the performance of the frontal regions of the brain, and reduces the volume of the temporal lobe, hippocampus, amygdala, components of the limbic system, and regions of the Superior Temporal Gyrus (STG) parts of the brain. The prefrontal cortex, area of the brain associated with memory, is also severely affected by the disease. Secondly, scientists thi nk that abnormalities in brain chemistry and structure play a role in schizophrenia development. The disparity in the complex, interrelated chemical reactions of the brain that involves a number of neurotransmitters (substances that let brain cells to communicate with one another) has been attributed to this condition. Experts are carrying more research on the relation of brain chemistry to schizophrenia. There is a distinct difference between brains of victims afflicted by schizophrenia and those of healthy individuals, for instance, fluid-filled cavities at the center of the brain, referred to as ventricles, are bigger in some individuals with the disorder. The brains of individuals afflicted with schizophrenia are also likely to have limited amount of grey matter and various parts of their brain may have limited or increased biological activity. In addition, investigations of brain tissue after death have discovered marked variations in the brains of victims of the disorder. Stud ies have revealed a number of changes in the distribution or features of the brain cells that may have taken place before birth. Some studies have concluded that problems during the period of brain development before birth may result in faulty connections, which may fail to show up until one has reached adolescence stage. During adolescence, significant transformations take place in the brain, which can activate psychotic symptoms. Studies have revealed so much about schizophrenia, although more investigations are needed to better understand how it develops.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Psychiatric Disorders and Their Treatment specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Schizophrenia is characterized by a variety of distinct and expected associated symptoms, which are mainly categorized into positive symptoms, negative symptoms and cognitive symptoms. Positive symptoms denote the presence of grossly abnormal behavi or not present in healthy people. They include hallucinations where victims see, hear, smell, or feel things that no one else detects, delusions where the victim has false beliefs that are not component of his or her culture, thought disorders, and movement disorders that appear as agitated body movements (Hirsch and Weinberger, 2003, p.5). Negative symptoms are related to interruption of normal emotions and behaviors and can be difficult to detect since they are similar to depression or other conditions. They include lack of pleasure in life and abnormal speech problems. Cognitive symptoms are delicate and may be difficult to detect. They include poor executive functioning, difficulty in paying attention and difficulties with working memory. Cognitive symptoms may further complicate a victim’s daily life. Schizophrenia is a complicated condition that impairs the normal functioning of the brain, life experience and behavior of its victims. The brain functions to respond to st imuli and modulates them. People afflicted with this disorder are unable to modulate the various mechanisms of the brain. Processes in this disease lacks a single basis, the condition is multi factorial. Studies have indicated that the brains of victims lack adequate myelin around the nerves. Other regions of the brain also exhibit impaired functioning in affected persons as discussed in the earlier sections of this paper. Recent research has discovered that several neurotransmitters are involved in the disorder. Dopamine and Dopamine receptors have been recognized for some time now and the common medication for managing this condition interacts with dopamine receptors. NMDA, GABA and the cholinergic system have recently been discovered to also influence schizophrenia. The appropriate drug therapy for schizophrenia usually needs a blend of antipsychotic, antidepressant, and anti-anxiety drug treatment. The treatments focus on reducing the symptoms of the disorder. It has been observ ed that many individuals quit taking the drugs prescribed for the disease, particularly when they do not get well soon and when the side effects are more severe. One is advised to start medication with a drug such as clozapine, which is cheaper and more efficient. Antipsychotic treatment assists patients to regain the normal biochemical balance and reduce the likelihood of a relapse.Advertising Looking for essay on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Drug Abuse case Ron long time abuse of alcohol has probably been caused by attempts to deny, cope with, or hide an underlying psychological problem, which has ultimately made him to be addicted to drinking alcohol. He has probably been fighting against loneliness, guilt, or self–reproach in his life. The addiction has come because the alcohol has been stimulating Ron’s brain pleasure reward pathway (PRP). Dopamine neurotransmitter is significant in PRP. Alcohol stimulates PRP, which then spontaneously increases the level of dopamine. This produces euphoric effect to the victim. The brain is then wired in such a way that it wants to achieve the dopamine highness repeatedly, hence the addiction (Clinic, 2008, para.1). The cause of alcohol abuse has not been left out of the nature-nurture debate. Some people attribute it to be due to nature (hereditary factors) while others nurture (environmental factors). Studies have shown that there is a possibility of people inheritin g genes from their parents that can lead to alcoholism. The type of lifestyle a person lives is also a factor. The kind of friends a person has, the level of stress in a person’s life, and availability of alcohol are all risk factors. The problem of alcoholism that Ron has is currently incurable, but it can be treated. In this case, a combination of counseling and medications programs can be administered to Ron to assist him stop taking alcohol. This can help me bring to a close his drinking habit and rebuild his work and family life. Oral medications, for example, disulfiram, naltrexone, and acamparosate have been successfully employed to reduce alcoholism. Although alcoholism treatment is beneficial for good number individuals, there are different levels of success in treating it. A number of former addicts stop taking alcohol and remain sober, while others have durations when they experience sobriety with bouts of relapse. Some people also suffer from withdrawal symptoms, for example, shakiness, nausea, and sweating upon abandoning taking alcohol. Nevertheless, the longer an individual stays away from alcohol, the more effective the treatment process becomes. Anxiety case Tom is suffering from Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) a condition in which he gets too much anxious and worried about daily life happenings without any clear grounds for getting worried. Research has indicated that there is a relation between anxiety disorder and specific parts of the brain. In a normal person, the thought process allows him or her to observe a situation and process the information. This then establishes if anxiety is required to â€Å"kick in† to arouse responsive action. In those affected by anxiety disorder, for example Tom, this process is triggered due to circumstances that really do not need a â€Å"flight or fight† responsive action (Hauser, 2005). The exact cause of this tendency has not been understood fully. However, a number of factors, i ncluding genetics (nature), and environmental factors (nurture), appear to add to its development. Some studies have suggested that family history is a risk factor to the development of anxiety disorder. This implies that the propensity to develop this condition may be inherited between the members of the family. Trauma and stressful factors, for example, abuse, loss of a close relative or friend, divorce, loss of employment, dropping out of school, may trigger development of anxiety disorder. The abuse and stopping the taking of addictive drugs may also worsen the condition. Tom can appropriately use medication to treat his condition. This will assist him since the disorder interferes with his daily activities. He may consider using benzodiazepines for short-term treatment. This leaves him feeling calm and relaxed by reducing the physical symptoms of the disorder. For long-term treatment, he may consider using antidepressants to alleviate his condition. Tom may also use cognitive-b ehavioral therapy. This therapy can assist him get rid of distorted thinking by having a more realistic look at agonizing situations. The use of anti-anxiety drugs may bring a number of complications. Side effects of the medications, for example, sleepiness, weight gain, and sexual problems, depend on the specific drug and the individual using them. Conclusion The indispensable aspect in understanding psychiatric disorders is to realize that those who are afflicted with the condition are normal human beings. The only difference is that the victims are suffering from a medical condition that weakens normal thinking and behavior. Treatment and prevention of this medical condition is best achieved by seeking for knowledge that can alleviate the suffering of the afflicted. Reference List Clinic, M. (2008, May 8). Alcoholism causes. MayoClinic.com. Web. Hauser, J. (2005, February 2). Anxiety: Generalized anxiety disorder. Psych Central. Web. Hirsch, S., Weinberger, D. (2003). Schizophre nia (2nd ed.). Malden: Blackwell Publishing Company. Pakhare, J. (2007, December 5). Types of Mental Illness: List of Mental Disorders.  Buzzle.com. Web. Tsuang, M.T., Faraone, S. V., Johnson, P.D. (1997). Schizophrenia: the facts. New York: Oxford University Press. This essay on The Psychiatric Disorders and Their Treatment was written and submitted by user Joy Hansen to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Free Essays on Merode Altarpiece

One of the most famous and most widely studied of Netherland paintings is Robert Campin, the Master Flemalles, Merode Altarpiece completed in 1426. This three piece panel triptych stirred fifteenth century Flemings with its exquisiteness and mystifying symbolism. The subject of the altarpiece is the Annunciation. The Annunciation is imagined as taking place not in the traditional church but in a modern Nether land house. The proportions of the â€Å"room† which occupies the large central panel are drastically foreshortened, but the painter’s choice of lines of sight demonstrates development in unified perspective that is so different from the illuminated French manuscripts done by the Limburg Brothers. 1 Campin uses individual panels to shape the visual field of the altarpiece. The small size of the altarpiece a little over two feet square reminds us of its function in a individual observance. 2 Flemish painting has undergone a transition and objects of daily life and sacred rituals are rendered with symbolic content of the painting, as objects that serve other then allegorical purposes.1 The Virgin Mary is shown in the central panel reading and not acknowledging the presence of the angel Gabriel watching over her. George Ferguson author of Signs and Symbolism in Christian Art interprets Mary’s reading as taking place in the context of a sanctuary.3 Reading in the Flemish culture is an act of private devotion rather then public empowerment. Lilies on the table and a towel in its niche represent the piscine that the priest use for hand washing and symbolic purification.3 The left panel shows the donors looking through a door, open-eyed, and observing, a key theme of Netherlanders paintings, Mary and the Angel Gabriel. The Metropolitan Museum of Art suggest the donors in the painting is that of Jan Englebrecht a merchant and his wife that lived in Cologne. A guarded wall separates the donors firmly from the town behind ... Free Essays on Merode Altarpiece Free Essays on Merode Altarpiece One of the most famous and most widely studied of Netherland paintings is Robert Campin, the Master Flemalles, Merode Altarpiece completed in 1426. This three piece panel triptych stirred fifteenth century Flemings with its exquisiteness and mystifying symbolism. The subject of the altarpiece is the Annunciation. The Annunciation is imagined as taking place not in the traditional church but in a modern Nether land house. The proportions of the â€Å"room† which occupies the large central panel are drastically foreshortened, but the painter’s choice of lines of sight demonstrates development in unified perspective that is so different from the illuminated French manuscripts done by the Limburg Brothers. 1 Campin uses individual panels to shape the visual field of the altarpiece. The small size of the altarpiece a little over two feet square reminds us of its function in a individual observance. 2 Flemish painting has undergone a transition and objects of daily life and sacred rituals are rendered with symbolic content of the painting, as objects that serve other then allegorical purposes.1 The Virgin Mary is shown in the central panel reading and not acknowledging the presence of the angel Gabriel watching over her. George Ferguson author of Signs and Symbolism in Christian Art interprets Mary’s reading as taking place in the context of a sanctuary.3 Reading in the Flemish culture is an act of private devotion rather then public empowerment. Lilies on the table and a towel in its niche represent the piscine that the priest use for hand washing and symbolic purification.3 The left panel shows the donors looking through a door, open-eyed, and observing, a key theme of Netherlanders paintings, Mary and the Angel Gabriel. The Metropolitan Museum of Art suggest the donors in the painting is that of Jan Englebrecht a merchant and his wife that lived in Cologne. A guarded wall separates the donors firmly from the town behind ...

Human Resource Management Discussions #2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

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Project Management - Essay Example Eurotunnel could not afford to delay the work as it had to incur huge loses of it. But the work got delayed due to the design problems of the Shuttle Wagons. The safety norms were very important as the channel tunnel was a 20 Km long enclosed tunnel under the sea. Fire accidents were very common in such situations. The IGC was responsible to evaluate the safety, security and environmental standards of the project. They found flaws in the design of the Shuttle wagon. Due to this fact, the project was getting delayed. The company had to again redesign its Shuttle by installing fire doors to secure the shuttle in times of fire accidents. The other changes in design led to modifications in other parts of the shuttle wagon. Eurotunnel, the owner of the channel tunnel had to incur extra cost and pay high interest due to such delays (Kirkland, n. d.). Project Background The Channel Tunnel was prepared keeping in mind the fire and the life safety issues. The designs of the channel tunnel and the shuttle wagon travelling through it were approved by the IGC. The channel tunnel comprised of two tunnels for shuttle wagons and in between these two tunnels there is a path or road mainly used for surveillance. These tunnels and the path are interconnected at three intervals and proper ventilation system was also there within the channel tunnel (Whitaker, n. d.).The shuttle wagon is the largest vehicle in the railway systems of the world. These shuttle wagons cover almost half of the tunnel space. The shuttle trains were about 776 m long and had 28 wagons and 2 locomotives. The shuttle wagons were manufactured by the Euroshuttle Wagons Consortium. These shuttle

Use of Reversed-phase HPLC (RP-HPLC)

Use of Reversed-phase HPLC (RP-HPLC) Introduction Reversed-phase HPLC (RP-HPLC) is one of the commonly used techniques in separation of a wide ranging of analyte based on differences in their structures. In RP-HPLC, the polar mobile phase and nonpolar stationary phase was practised. In this mode of HPLC, the analyte retains into stationary phase by hydrophobic interaction (Hanai, 1999; Swadesh, 2001). The surface area of nonpolar part of analyte molecules is more readily to bind to the RP-HPLC stationary phase. Thus, the less polar analyte will has longer retention time, whereas polar analyte elute more readily. Stationary phase and Column packing In RP-HPLC, the stationary phase is employing of alkylated silica gel column. In other words, the column is packing of nonpolar hydrophobic organic species (eg. octyl, octadecyl and phenyl groups). These hydrophobic organic species attached by siloxane bonds (-Si-O-Si-) to the silica surface (Corradini, Katz, Eksteen, Schoenmakers, Miller, 1998). C18 and C8 phase are most commonly used in the column of RP-HPLC. C18 phase is more hydrophobic as it has longer alkyl chain length which bonded to silica gel. C8 has shorter alkyl chain length compared to C18. It has less carbon attached on silica gel. Besides, phenyl group that bonded to silica surface develops the interaction of aromatic ring (Waksmundzka-Hajnos Sherma, 2011). Mobile Phase The organic solvent such as methanol and acetonitrile are most widely used as mobile phase in RP-HPLC. It is due to they have the characteristic of free of particles and UV transparency (Swadesh, 2001). In addition, acetonitrile, methanol and tetrahydrofuran also served as organic modifiers in RP-HPLC. According to Hanai(1999), the concentration of organic modifiers could alter the overall retention time of analytes. However, the relative changes in retention time are still depends on the properties of analytes (Hanai, 1999; Waksmundzka-Hajnos Sherma, 2011). Furthermore, isocratic and gradient elution also applied in RP-HPLC. In isocratic elution, mobile phase composition is remained constant throughout the elution. For gradient elution, the mobile phase composition is changed continuously throughout the elution. Gradient elution gives a better separation peaks for early eluters and sharper peaks for late eluters, but it need greater skills for method development (Ahuja Dong, 2005) . Detector There are many different spectrophotometric detectors that can be used in RP-HPLC. The main function of the detector in RP-HPLC is to trace and detect the presence of analyte components in the chromatography medium. These detectors are including ultraviolet-visible(UV-VIS) detector, diode array detector(DAD), chemiluminescence nitrogen detector(CLND), refractive index(RI) detector, mass spectroscopy(MS) and others (Swadesh, 2001). UV-VIS detector is the most popular detector among spectrophotometric detectors. Waksmundzka-Hajnos Sherma (2011) stated that UV-VIS detector is utilized by referring to interaction of electromagnetic radiation with analyte sample at the wavelength in the region of 190nm to 1100nm. A high sensitivity of detector is crucial as it also control the signal noise level and drift of the baseline. Applications RP-HPLC methods mostly used to detect known or unknown substances in sample for the quality control. It is applicable in food chemistry, forensic chemistry, pharmaceutical chemistry, toxicological analyses, herbal drugs analyses and others. 2.0 Determination of drug samples by RP-HPLC Reversed-phase High Performance Liquid Chromatography (RP-HPLC) has been generally and effectively utilised to determine numerous drugs samples. Dual wavelength detectors have been employed in the simultaneous investigation of two antispasmodic drugs, phloroglucinol (PG) and its methylated derivative tri-O-methylphloroglucinol (TMP), that are established as pain-relieving drugs when used in combination as they manage to suppress the catechol-O-methyl transferase, relax the smooth muscles, and decrease the abdominal pain induced by glycerol. Present method employing RP-HPLC successfully separate and quantify PG and TMP by using isocratic elution and dual wavelength technique. Apart from studying the injectable sample solution, the serum extracted from blood of healthy volunteers and degraded compounds have also been investigated in order to obtain a complete analysis. Plasma was first centrifuged out of the blood, deproteinated and stock sample was added into the serum obtained. Degrading agent and stress conditions of hydrolysis were used in aid to degrade the PG and TMP. It has been investigated that only oxidation degraded the molecule drastically. (Hasan et al., 2013) Cinitapride hydrogen tartarate has been also estimated by RP-HPLC. Cinitapride hydrogen tartarate is a new prokinetic drug, used as antiulcer agent of the benzamide by acting as an agonist of the 5-HT1 and 5-HT4 receptors and antagonist for 5-HT2 receptors. The preparation of sample solution for this work is simple, by just powdered the tablets and mixed with the mobile phase used. The retention time obtained for cinitapride hydrogen tartarate is 3.737 min. Method validation and optimization have been carried out to validate the findings. (Reddy, Shekar Murali, 2012) Simultaneous investigation of lisinopril and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) has been employed in bulk, pharmaceuticals formulations and human serum by RP-HPLC. The major uses of lisinopril are treating hypertension and congestive heart failure, preventing renal complications caused by diabetes while NSAIDs (naproxen, flurbiprofen, diclofenac sodium and mefenamic acid) are primarily used for treatment of acute or chronic pain and inflammation. As there might be interactions between lisinopril and NSAIDs, these two compounds must be detected simultaneously. (Sultana, Arayne, Siddiqui Naveed, 2012) Paracetamol, grouped in non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs has been discovered by colorimetric and spectroflurimetric techniques and being realised that it can combine with other drugs and thus, determined singly by RP-HPLC. It has antipyretic, analgesic and weak anti-inflammatory action, generally administered to suppress violent pains in advanced cancers. It has been found out that as concentration of one of mobile phases, ACN is high, paracetamol undergone improper dissolution. Meanwhile, phenomena such as broadening, fronting and tailing were remarkably lessened as ACN concentration gradually decreases. (Devi et al., 2013) Due to the rapid growth of demanding of NSAIDs, it is essential that to determine not the NSAIDs only, but also their combination drugs. The main function of NSAIDs is said to be inhibited cyclooxygenase in vitro and in vivo, hence decreasing the synthesis of prostaglandins which mediate the inflammation. Fifteen drugs have been simultaneously examined by robustness approach, including aceclofenac (ACF), aspirin (ASP), diclofenac (DCF), etoricoxib (ETC), ketorolac (KTL), paracetamol (PCM), salicylic acid (SA), ibuprofen (IBF) and naproxen (NPX) while the combination drugs being studied are clopidogrel (CLP), thiocolchicoside (THC), dextromethorphan (DXM), moxifloxacin (MXF), chlorpheniramine maleate (CPM) and domperidone (DOM). By varying the method parameters, effect on chromatographic separation of all the drugs can be investigated. (Patel, Samanthulam Shrigod, Modh Chaudhari, 2013) Olmesartan medoxomil is an effective antihypertensive reagent, functioned as inhibitor that prevents the angiotensin II from binding to the AT1 receptors in vascular muscle. The validated analytical method for the Olmesartan medoxomil determination in the presence of its degraded product in bulk drug has been established. The degraded products are formed under the conditions suggested by International Conference of Harmonization (ICH), which are acid hydrolysis (0.1M HCL), alkaline hydrolysis (0.1M NaOH), oxidation (30% H2O2), photolysis (UV), and thermal degradation under stress conditions. The sample was found to be highly susceptible to acid and alkaline hydrolysis and oxidation while for other conditions, no degradation was performed. (Hamrapurkar Gadapayale, 2013) Quantitative determination of oseltamivir phosphate (OSP) has been exercised by RP-HPLC. OSP is the drug to treat swine flu, prevents the virus from releasing by infected cells by selectively blocks the viral surface enzyme neuraminidase. Oseltamivir phosphate is also the drug of choice for treatment of avian influenza that diagnosed to be caused by H1N1 virus. This quantitative method was statistically validated for linearity, precision, accuracy, ruggedness, robustness and sensitivity. (Malipatil, Jahan Patil, 2011) 3.0 Determination of food samples by RP-HPLC Reversed-phase High Performance Liquid Chromatography (RP-HPLC) has been widely used to determine the food samples. Honey is a food sources which consists of supersaturated solution of sugars (mostly fructose and sucrose) and other significant amount of minor compounds such as organic acids, furanic aldehydes and acids, enzymes, amino acids and proteins, mineral and water-soluble vitamins. The characterization of these minor compounds have been known to be a reliable tool to determine the botanical an geographical origin as well as the quality of the honey. Many methods have been launched out for the determination the minority organic compounds such as furanic aldehydes and acids but less for vitamins in honey. So, a new analytical method was proposed which utilize RP-HPLC to determine the presence of five water-soluble vitamins in honey that are vitamin B2 (riboflavin), vitamin B3 (nicotinic acid), vitamin B5 (pantothenic acid), vitamin B9 (folic acid) and vitamin C (ascorbic acid). Variety of validation parameters have been carried out in this proposed method in term of detection and quantificat ion limit, linearity, precision, sensitivity as well as the bias to validate their findings (Ciululu et al., 2011). In fact, due to the higher concentrations of saccharides, slightly acidic condition and water activity as well as the presence of organic acids in honey, it favor the formation of furanic aldehydes especially 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furaldehyde (HMF). Hence, HMF is a good parameter for determine the quality of the honey. Apart from this, 2-furaldehyde, 2-furoic acid, 3-furaldehyde and 3-furoic acid also has been quantified in honey samples. Hence, 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furaldehyde (HMF), 2-furaldehyde (2-F), 3-furaldehyde (3-F), 2-furoic acid (2-FA) and 3-furoic acid (3-FA) has been investigated simultaneously and completely validated on 18 honey samples which different in their age, botanical and geographical origin by RP-HPLC. From the result, HMF was quantified in all samples. 2-F and 2-FA was showed in almost half of the samples whereas 3-F was detected in three honey samples and 3-FA in only one. Validation parameters were performed in term of detection limits, precision, linearity and ac curacy (Spano et al., 2008). Brominated phenols have been known to have strong odor properties and act as key flavor compounds in seafoods. The presence of the bromophenol compounds, their concentration and the marine environments controlled the different in the strength and characteristic of odor and flavor in seafoods. Hence, RP-HPLC was employed to determine the presence of simple bromophenols in marine fishes simultaneously which include 2-bromophenol (2-BP), 4-bromophenol (4-BP), 2,4-dibromophenol (2,4-DBP), 2,6-dibormophenol (2,6-DBP) and 2,4,6-tribromophenol (2,4,6-TBP). All the bromphenols have been extracted from the fish samples by combined steam distillation-solvent extraction (SDE) with 2mL of pentane/diethyl ether (6:4) and identified by RP-HPLC with UV-detection. (Silva et al., 2005) Nowadays, the employment of food additives in the production of processed and fast foods was gradually increasing throughout the world. However, illegal and excess addition of food additives can cause significant health problems were well known by community. For an example, in china, the ministry of Health of the People’s Republic of China strongly prohibited the addition of acesulfame, saccharin, neotame, stevioside, benzoic acid, caffeine and dehydroacetic acid as well as regulated the addition level of sorbic acid to 0.2g/kg into red wine. Variety of methods is available to determine the food additives present in food and drinks. However, simultaneous determination of large amount of food additives in red wine which mentioned as above was proposed by using dispersive solid phase extraction (dSPE) followed by RP-HPLC with ultraviolet (UV) detection in this study. The red wine samples were undergoes the dSPE methods which considered as most powerful cleanup technologies in re moving various matrix and then analyzed by RP-HPLC with UV detection. Different kinds of validation parameters were utilized to determine the satisfaction and accuracy of the results. Apart from this, amino-functionalized Fe3O4 magnetic polymer (MP) which coupled with tetraethylenepentamine (TEPA) also proved that it is an efficient absorbent in dSPE extraction procedure which could eliminate most of the interferences in the red wine. (Zhao et al., 2013) Apart from this, the dosage of additives especially preservatives, is the most strictly controlled by EU law because of their potential risk to human health and safety. Nationally and international authorities have been established the guidelines for the usage of preservatives in food and foodstuff which about the maximum dosage, use conditions and type of food in which they can be used. In our daily life, the most common preservatives are sorbic acid, natamycin and lysozyme. So, analytical method for simultaneous determination of the four preservatives in different kinds of cheeses that are sorbic acid, natamycin, lysozyme and benzoic acid by single RP-HPLC was established. Benzoic acid was also included into the determination step is because it can be synthesized naturally from the microbial metabolism even it’s not added technically to cheese during production. All preservatives were extracted from the samples through a simple extraction step and then separated by RP-HPLC. Finally, the analytes were analyzed by a single wavelength UV detector (280nm) and even a triple wavelength UV detector (227nm, 280nm and 303nm) for a more sensitive determination. (Guarino et al., 2011)

Analysis of The Indian in the Cupboard by Lynne Reid Banks Essay

Analysis of The Indian in the Cupboard by Lynne Reid Banks For this month’s book report I read a book called ‘The Indian in the Cupboard’ by Lynne Reid Banks. This book was about a boy named Omri and his small Indian toy. For Omri’s birthday he received a small Indian toy from a friend and a small cupboard from his brother. Omri put his Indian in the cupboard and to his surprise when he opened the cupboard the Indian toy had come to life. Omri has to keep his Indian a secret for fear of an adult finding out. When Omri told his friend Patrick about the toy, Patrick wanted his own. Omri thought it was a bad idea but brought the toy to life anyway. When Omri brought Patrick’s cowboy toy to life, Patrick was very excited, but Omri was afraid he didn’t know that they were real people. Omri decided he would keep them both at his house. Patrick did not like this idea but agreed only if Omri would bring the cowboy and Indian to school the next day. Then all the trouble started. Patrick and Omri were called into the headmaster’s office and the headmaster threatened to call Patrick’s father if he didn’t tell him what was going on. Patrick was so afraid that he showed the headmaster the Indian and the other toy. Luckily the headmaster thought he was seeing things and so he went home. Omri decided that the Indian was too much trouble and that he should put them into plastic again. So Omri locked the Indian into the cupboard and when he opened it again, the toy was p...